
ISDN Overview
117353-B Rev. 00
4-5
Call Control on the D Channel
ITU-T recommendation Q.931 outlines standards for out-of-band call control at
the network layer for ISDN communication. The primary function of call control
is to set up and take down ISDN calls on the B channels.
ISDN Interfaces
One of the key concepts in ISDN is a set of universal interfaces that allow you to
purchase equipment and services from any ISDN provider. All providers can
therefore implement ISDN similarly. ITU-T created a set of physical and logical
interfaces to accomplish this goal.
ITU-T divides ISDN interfaces into two categories: functional groups and
reference points. The following sections describe these two groups.
Functional Groups
Functional groups perform specific tasks that are necessary for you to access an
ISDN network. These groups combine physical devices and functional points in
an ISDN network, as follows:
• Terminal equipment 1 (TE1) -- ISDN-compatible devices, for example, the
router with an ISDN/BRI module
• Terminal equipment 2 (TE2) -- Non-ISDN-compatible devices, such as
analog phones and PCs
• Network terminator 1 (NT1) -- The point where the phone company’s wires
end at your premises
• Network terminator 2 (NT2) -- The point where any switching services
occur at your premises
• Line terminator (LT) -- The point where your network lines terminate at the
phone company’s central office
• Exchange terminator (ET) -- Located at the phone company’s central office,
it performs the switching exchange functions
• Terminal adapter (TA) -- Provides ISDN connectivity to non-ISDN devices
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