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Quality of Service 129
IP Telephony Configuration Guide
Traffic mix
This section describes QoS works with the IP telephony, and what new intranet-wide results can
occur.
Before putting into operation QoS in the network, determine the traffic mix of the network. QoS
depends on the process and ability to determine traffic (by class) so as to provide different
services.
With an intranet designed only to deliver IP telephony traffic, where all traffic flows are equal
priority, there is no need to consider QoS. This network can have one class of traffic.
In most corporate environments, the intranet supports data and other services. When planning to
provide voice services over the intranet the installer must determine the following:
• Is there existing QoS? What kind? IP telephony traffic must take advantage of established
mechanisms if possible.
• What is the traffic mix? If the IP telephony traffic is light compared to data traffic on the
intranet, then IP QoS can work. If IP telephony traffic is heavy, data services can be affected if
QoS is biased toward IP telephony traffic.
TCP traffic behavior
Most of corporate intranet traffic is TCP-based. Different from UDP, which has no flow control,
TCP uses a sliding window flow control mechanism. Under this design, TCP increases its window
size, increasing throughput, until congestion occurs. Congestion results in packet losses, and when
that occurs the throughput decreases, and the whole cycle repeats.
When multiple TCP sessions flow over few congestion links in the intranet, the flow control
algorithm can cause TCP sessions in the network to decrease at the same time, causing a periodic
and synchronized surge and ebb in traffic flows. WAN links can appear to be overloaded at one
time, and then followed by a period of under-utilization. There are two results:
• bad performance of WAN links
• IP telephony traffic streams are unfairly affected
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Chapter 6 6
- Appendix A 6
- 12 Tables 12
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 13
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 14
- Related publications 15
- How to get help 16
- Chapter 1 17
- Introduction 17
- IP telephones and VoIP trunks 18
- Figure 1 Network diagram 19
- Telephones 20
- IP network 21
- Key IP telephony concepts 22
- Jitter Buffer 23
- QoS routing 23
- Chapter 2 25
- Prerequisites checklist 25
- Network assessment 26
- Resource assessment 27
- Keycodes 27
- Defining published IP address 28
- IP telephones 30
- NetVision wireless telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 34
- Before installing 34
- Using a 3-port switch 35
- NORTEL NETWORKS 36
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 36
- Field Value Description 37
- Slow connection 40
- One-way or no speech paths 40
- Dropped voice packets 40
- Changing the contrast level 40
- Configuring DHCP 41
- Figure 5 IP Terminal status 42
- Figure 6 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 8 Configuration menu 44
- Download Pending 44
- Customizing feature labels 46
- Moving IP telephones 47
- Keep DN alive 48
- Figure 12 i2050 Switch type 49
- 7 Click on the BCM option 50
- Configuring NetVision records 52
- /symbol.com> 53
- <http:/ 53
- Testing the handset functions 55
- Changing a handset Name 57
- Configuring VoIP trunks 59
- Configuring media parameters 60
- Setting silence compression 61
- Setting jitter buffers 62
- Outgoing call configuration 63
- Figure 18 Trunk/Line data 64
- Configuring a remote gateway 66
- Configuring PSTN fallback 68
- Enabling PSTN fallback 69
- Setting up the VoIP schedule 69
- Configuring routes 70
- Figure 26 VoIP schedule 73
- Activating the VoIP schedule 74
- Turning on QoS monitor 75
- Incoming call configuration 76
- Example configuration 78
- Making calls 82
- Connecting an i200X telephone 83
- Quality of Service Monitor 86
- Port settings 86
- Using firewalls 87
- Using a gatekeeper 88
- The call signaling method 89
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 91
- Typical applications 93
- Setting up the system 95
- Efficient Networking 99
- Network engineering 100
- LAN engineering examples 103
- WAN engineering 104
- Setting Non-linear processing 105
- (8 kb/s) 106
- P0937663 03.1 106
- Traceroute 106
- Enough link capacity 107
- Not enough link capacity 107
- Further network analysis 108
- Reduce link delay 109
- Reducing hop count 109
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 110
- Reduce packet errors 110
- Routing issues 111
- Appendix B 113
- Silence compression 113
- Comfort noise 116
- Appendix C 117
- Network performance utilities 117
- Appendix D 119
- Interoperability 119
- Speech path setup methods 120
- Media path redirection 120
- Gatekeeper 120
- Symbol NetVision telephones 121
- 122 Interoperability 122
- Appendix E 123
- Quality of Service 123
- Measuring Intranet QoS 124
- Recording routes 125
- Adjusting Ping measurements 126
- Measurement procedure 127
- 128 Quality of Service 128
- Traffic mix 129
- TCP traffic behavior 129
- Network Quality of Service 130
- Quality of Service parameters 131
- Fallback to PSTN 132
- Glossary 133
- 134 Glossary 134
- Glossary 135 135
- 136 Glossary 136
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