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IP Telephony Configuration Guide
Appendix B
Silence compression
Silence compression reduces bandwidth requirements by as much as 50 per cent. This appendix
explains how silence compression functions. For information on enabling silence compression in
VoIP gateways, refer to “Setting silence compression” on page 61.
G.723.1 and G.729, Annex B support Silence compression.
A key to VoIP Gateways in business applications is reducing WAN bandwidth use. Beyond
speech compression, the best bandwidth-reducing technology is silence compression, also known
as Voice Activity Detection (VAD). Silence compression technology identifies the periods of
silence in a conversation, and stops sending IP speech packets during those periods. Telco studies
show that in a typical telephone conversation, only about 36-40% of a full-duplex conversation is
active. When one person talks, the other listens. This is half-duplex. There are important periods of
silence during speaker pauses between words and phrases. By applying silence compression,
average bandwidth use is reduced by the same amount. This reduction in average bandwidth
requirements develops over a 20-to-30-second period as the conversation switches from one
direction to another.
When a voice is being transmitted, it uses the full rate or continuous transmission rate. The effects
of silence compression on peak bandwidth requirements differ, depending on whether the link is
half-duplex or full duplex.
Silence compression on Half Duplex Links
Figure 44 shows the bandwidth requirement for one call on a half-duplex link without silence
compression. Since the sender and receiver share the same channel, the peak bandwidth is double
the full transmission rate. Because voice packets are transmitted even when a speaker is silent, the
average bandwidth used is equal to the full transmission rate.
Figure 44 One Call on a Half Duplex Link Without Silence compression
Tx+Rx Chan
Time ->
Bandwidth ->
Bandwidth Used
Rx
Tx
Fred Here.
Hello Fred. This is Susan. Do you have a minute?
Sure!Hi!
Voice frames sent even
Channel/Link Max
Hello Fred. This is Susan.
Do you have a minute?
Fred here.
Hi!
Sure!
Conversation
Bandwidth used
Voice frames sent even
when speaker is silent
Time
Channel/Link max
Tx + Rx Chan
Bandwidth
Tx
Rx
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Chapter 6 6
- Appendix A 6
- 12 Tables 12
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 13
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 14
- Related publications 15
- How to get help 16
- Chapter 1 17
- Introduction 17
- IP telephones and VoIP trunks 18
- Figure 1 Network diagram 19
- Telephones 20
- IP network 21
- Key IP telephony concepts 22
- Jitter Buffer 23
- QoS routing 23
- Chapter 2 25
- Prerequisites checklist 25
- Network assessment 26
- Resource assessment 27
- Keycodes 27
- Defining published IP address 28
- IP telephones 30
- NetVision wireless telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 34
- Before installing 34
- Using a 3-port switch 35
- NORTEL NETWORKS 36
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 36
- Field Value Description 37
- Slow connection 40
- One-way or no speech paths 40
- Dropped voice packets 40
- Changing the contrast level 40
- Configuring DHCP 41
- Figure 5 IP Terminal status 42
- Figure 6 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 8 Configuration menu 44
- Download Pending 44
- Customizing feature labels 46
- Moving IP telephones 47
- Keep DN alive 48
- Figure 12 i2050 Switch type 49
- 7 Click on the BCM option 50
- Configuring NetVision records 52
- /symbol.com> 53
- <http:/ 53
- Testing the handset functions 55
- Changing a handset Name 57
- Configuring VoIP trunks 59
- Configuring media parameters 60
- Setting silence compression 61
- Setting jitter buffers 62
- Outgoing call configuration 63
- Figure 18 Trunk/Line data 64
- Configuring a remote gateway 66
- Configuring PSTN fallback 68
- Enabling PSTN fallback 69
- Setting up the VoIP schedule 69
- Configuring routes 70
- Figure 26 VoIP schedule 73
- Activating the VoIP schedule 74
- Turning on QoS monitor 75
- Incoming call configuration 76
- Example configuration 78
- Making calls 82
- Connecting an i200X telephone 83
- Quality of Service Monitor 86
- Port settings 86
- Using firewalls 87
- Using a gatekeeper 88
- The call signaling method 89
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 91
- Typical applications 93
- Setting up the system 95
- Efficient Networking 99
- Network engineering 100
- LAN engineering examples 103
- WAN engineering 104
- Setting Non-linear processing 105
- (8 kb/s) 106
- P0937663 03.1 106
- Traceroute 106
- Enough link capacity 107
- Not enough link capacity 107
- Further network analysis 108
- Reduce link delay 109
- Reducing hop count 109
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 110
- Reduce packet errors 110
- Routing issues 111
- Appendix B 113
- Silence compression 113
- Comfort noise 116
- Appendix C 117
- Network performance utilities 117
- Appendix D 119
- Interoperability 119
- Speech path setup methods 120
- Media path redirection 120
- Gatekeeper 120
- Symbol NetVision telephones 121
- 122 Interoperability 122
- Appendix E 123
- Quality of Service 123
- Measuring Intranet QoS 124
- Recording routes 125
- Adjusting Ping measurements 126
- Measurement procedure 127
- 128 Quality of Service 128
- Traffic mix 129
- TCP traffic behavior 129
- Network Quality of Service 130
- Quality of Service parameters 131
- Fallback to PSTN 132
- Glossary 133
- 134 Glossary 134
- Glossary 135 135
- 136 Glossary 136
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