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Overview of IP Utilities
304234-A Rev 00
2-15
NTP Overview
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronizes the timing of internal clocks of
various network devices across large, diverse networks to universal standard time.
NTP runs over UDP, which in turn runs over IP. The NTP protocol specification is
documented in RFC 1305.
Each device on the network contains an internal system clock that is used to
maintain accurate time for the device. The internal system clock on most local
devices is set by eye or by wristwatch to within a minute or two of the actual time
and is rarely reset at regular intervals. Many of these clocks are battery-backed
devices that use room temperature clock oscillators that can drift as much as
several seconds each day. NTP solves this problem by automatically adjusting the
time of the devices so that they are synchronized within milliseconds.
The current implementation of NTP supports only NTP client mode. In this mode,
the local NTP client, which runs on a router, accepts time information from other
remote time servers and adjusts its clock accordingly. However, the NTP local
client will not attempt to synchronize another device’s clock.
NTP Terminology
An NTP peer can be any device that runs NTP software. However, the current
implementation of NTP refers to peers as remote time servers that provide time
information to other time servers on the network and to the local NTP client. An
NTP client refers to the local network device -- in this case a router -- that accepts
time information from other remote time servers.
NTP System Implementation Model
NTP is based on a hierarchical model that consists of a local NTP client, which
runs on the router, and a number of remote time servers. The NTP client sends
requests for time information (NTP messages) to and receives time information
from one or more remote time servers. The local NTP client reviews the time
information from all available time servers and synchronizes its internal clock to
the time servers whose time is most accurate. The NTP client does not forward
time information to other devices running NTP.
- Configuring IP Utilities 1
- Trademarks 2
- Restricted Rights Legend 2
- Statement of Conditions 2
- Contents 5
- 304234-A Rev 00 10
- Before You Begin 17
- Text Conventions 18
- Acronyms 20
- How to Get Help 21
- Chapter 1 23
- Starting IP Utilities 23
- Starting Configuration Tools 24
- Starting TCP Services 26
- Starting FTP Services 27
- Starting TFTP Services 29
- Starting Telnet Services 30
- Starting NTP Services 32
- Starting NetBIOS over IP 34
- Starting the DNS Client 35
- Starting the DNS Proxy Server 37
- Chapter 2 39
- Overview of IP Utilities 39
- How TCP Works 40
- TCP Features 41
- TCP and IP Service Users 44
- FTP Overview 45
- How FTP Works 46
- Networks routers 47
- TFTP Overview 48
- Telnet Overview 49
- Telnet Server 50
- Telnet Client 51
- Figure 2-4. Telnet Client 52
- NTP Overview 53
- NTP Modes of Operation 56
- NetBIOS Overview 58
- NetBIOS in an IP Environment 59
- DNS Overview 62
- DNS Proxy Server 62
- How the DNS Cache Works 64
- Chapter 3 65
- Customizing TCP Services 65
- Disabling and Reenabling TCP 66
- Chapter 4 73
- Customizing FTP Services 73
- Disabling and Reenabling FTP 74
- Chapter 5 83
- Customizing TFTP Services 83
- Chapter 6 91
- Pausing Telnet Console Output 99
- Using the BCC 100
- Using Site Manager 100
- Changing the Login Timeout 101
- Changing the Password Timeout 102
- Changing the Command Timeout 103
- Changing Login Retries 104
- Customizing Telnet Services 107
- Changing the History File 109
- Changing the Remote Port 112
- Changing the Command Prompt 113
- prompt system1 114
- Chapter 7 115
- Customizing NTP Services 115
- Disabling and Reenabling NTP 116
- Adding Remote Time Servers 119
- Setting Local Host Mode 122
- Specifying Peer Preference 124
- Chapter 8 131
- Customizing NetBIOS over IP 131
- Configuring a NetBIOS Cache 134
- 15-character entity 135
- Aging a Cache Entry 137
- Customizing a Cache Search 138
- Chapter 9 147
- Customizing the DNS Client 147
- Disabling the Recursion Bit 151
- Modifying the DNS Server List 153
- Deleting DNS from the Router 158
- Chapter 10 161
- Customizing the DNS Proxy 161
- Appendix A 163
- Site Manager Parameters 163
- TCP Global Parameters 164
- FTP Global Parameters 166
- TFTP Parameters 169
- NTP Parameters 178
- NetBIOS Global Parameters 182
- DNS Global Parameters 190
- DNS Server Record Parameters 194
- DNS Proxy Server Parameters 195
- IP Accounting Parameters 204
- Appendix B 207
- Site Manager Default Settings 207
- FTP Parameters 208
- Telnet Parameters 209
- NetBIOS over IP Parameters 211
- DNS Client Parameters 212
- DNS Server Parameters 213
- Appendix C 215
- Configuring IP Accounting on 215
- (continued) 217
- Appendix D 219
- Specifying the Policy Action 221
- Specifying the IP Service 222
- Specifying the Precedence 223
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