Avaya BCM 2.5 IP Telephony Guía de configuración Pagina 24
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24 Chapter 1 Introduction
P0937663 02.0
Jitter Buffer
Voice frames are transmitted at a fixed rate, because the time interval between frames is constant.
If the frames arrive at the other end at the same rate, voice quality is perceived as good. In many
cases, however, some frames can arrive slightly faster or slower than the other frames. This is
called jitter, and degrades the perceived voice quality. To minimize this problem, configure the IP
telephone with a jitter buffer for arriving frames. This is how the jitter buffer works:
Assume a jitter buffer setting of five frames.
• The IP telephone firmware places first five arriving frames in the jitter buffer.
• When frame six arrives, the IP telephone firmware places it in the buffer and sends frame one
to the handset speaker.
• When frame seven arrives, the IP telephone buffers it and send frame two to the handset
speaker.
The net effect of using a jitter buffer is that the arriving packets are delayed slightly in order to
ensure a constant rate of arriving frames at the handset speaker. The disadvantage of using a jitter
buffer is that the speech arrives delayed by the number of frames in the buffer. For one-sided
conversations, this is not an issue. For conversations where one party tries to interrupt the other
speaking party, it is annoying because by the time the voice of the interrupter reaches the
interruptee, the interruptee has spoken (2*jitter size) frames past the intended point of interruption.
In cases where very large jitter sizes are used, some users revert to saying "OVER" when they wish
the other party to speak.
Possible jitter buffer settings, and corresponding voice packet latency (delay) for the Business
Communications Manager system IP telephones are:
• None
• Small (.06 seconds)
• Medium (.12 seconds)
• Large (.18 seconds)
QoS routing
When it sends a voice frame onto the network, the IP telephone firmware places some header
information on the frame.
The header contains the network address of the sending and receiving IP telephones, and a TOS
(Type Of Service) byte, which contains a routing priority.
The IP telephone firmware establishes the TOS byte to the highest possible priority so that as the
voice frame travels through the network, the routers it encounters give it higher routing priority
than competing data frames resulting from file transfers, WEB downloads, e-mails, etc. This
process of prioritizing data frames is Quality of Service (QoS) routing.
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Appendix A 5
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 14
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 15
- UDP User Datagram Protocol 16
- WAN Wide Area Network 16
- Related publications 17
- How to get help 18
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- The IP telephony network 20
- Chapter 1 Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 Network diagram 21
- Telephones 22
- IP Network 22
- Key IP Telephony Concepts 23
- Jitter Buffer 24
- QoS routing 24
- Chapter 1 Introduction 25 25
- 26 Chapter 1 Introduction 26
- Chapter 2 27
- Prerequisites checklist 27
- Network assessment 28
- Resource Assessment 28
- Keycodes 29
- IP Telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP Telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 33
- Before Installing 34
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 35
- Configuring DHCP 38
- Figure 4 DHCP summary 39
- Figure 5 DHCP range 40
- Figure 6 IP Terminal status 41
- Figure 7 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 9 IP Terminal Status 43
- Download Pending 44
- Deregistering offline DNs 45
- Moving IP telephones 46
- H.323 devices 47
- 4 Click the Save button 49
- VoIP Trunk Configuration 51
- Configuring media parameters 53
- Configuring codecs 54
- Setting Silence Compression 54
- Setting Jitter Buffers 55
- Outgoing call configuration 56
- Figure 21 Trunk/Line data 57
- Figure 22 Line pool 58
- Configuring a remote gateway 59
- Configuring PSTN fallback 60
- Setting up a VoIP schedule 61
- Vo I P 62
- Configuring routes 63
- Figure 28 Route list 64
- Figure 29 Add route dialog 64
- Creating a destination code 65
- Figure 32 Normal schedule 66
- Configuring digits 67
- Activating the VoIP schedule 67
- Turning on QoS monitor 68
- Incoming call configuration 70
- Example configuration 71
- Making calls 74
- Connecting an i200X telephone 75
- Quality of Service Monitor 77
- Port settings 77
- Using firewalls 78
- Using a gatekeeper 80
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 82
- Typical applications 85
- MCDN functionality 86
- Networking 91
- Network Engineering 92
- Networking 93 93
- (64 kb/s) 93
- (5.3 kb/s) 93
- LAN Engineering Examples 95
- WAN engineering 96
- Setting Non-linear processing 96
- Networking 97 97
- Traceroute 97
- Enough link capacity 98
- Not enough link capacity 98
- Implementing the network 99
- Further network analysis 99
- Reduce link delay 100
- Reducing hop count 100
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 101
- Reduce packet errors 101
- Routing issues 102
- Silence compression 103
- Appendix B 103
- 104 Silence compression 104
- P0937663 02.0 104
- Silence compression 105 105
- 106 Silence compression 106
- Silence compression 107 107
- Comfort Noise 108
- Appendix C 109
- Network Performance Utilities 109
- Appendix D 111
- Interoperability 111
- Speech Path Setup Methods 112
- Media Path Redirection 112
- Gatekeeper 113
- Symbol Telephones 114
- Appendix E 115
- Quality of Service 115
- Measuring Intranet QoS 116
- Recording routes 117
- Adjustment for processing 118
- Late packets 118
- Quality of Service 119 119
- Traffic mix 120
- Network Quality of Service 121
- Packet loss 122
- Packet delay 122
- Delay variation (jitter) 123
- 124 Quality of Service 124
- Glossary 125
- 126 Glossary 126
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