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Quality of Service 121
IP Telephony Configuration Guide
TCP traffic behavior
Most of corporate intranet traffic is TCP-based. Different from UDP, that has no flow control, TCP
uses a sliding window flow control mechanism. Under this design, TCP increases its window size,
increasing throughput, until congestion occurs. Congestion results in packet losses, and when that
occurs the throughput decreases, and the whole cycle repeats.
When multiple TCP sessions flow over few congestion links in the intranet, the flow control
algorithm can cause TCP sessions in the network to decrease at the same time, causing a periodic
and synchronized surge and ebb in traffic flows. WAN links can appear to be overloaded at one
time, and then followed by a period of under-utilization. There are two results:
• bad performance of WAN links
• IP telephony traffic streams are unfairly affected
Business Communications Manager Router QoS Support
With a Business Communications Manager system, the VoIP gateway and the router are in the
same box. The Business Communications Manager router performs QoS and priority queuing to
support VoIP traffic. The router supports VoIP in the following two ways:
• In a DiffServ network, Business Communications Manager system acts as a DiffServ edge
device and performs packet classification, prioritization, and marking. The router performs
admission control for H.323 flows based on the WAN link bandwidth and utilization. When
received, the WAN link marks the H.323 flows as Premium traffic and places the flows in the
high priority queue.
• In a non-DiffServ or a legacy network, the router manages the WAN link to make sure
Premium VoIP packets have high priority in both directions when crossing a slow WAN link.
Network Quality of Service
Business Communications Manager VoIP Gateway uses a method like the ITU-T
Recommendation G.107, the E-Model, to determine the voice quality. This model evaluates the
end-to-end network transmission performance and outputs a scalar rating “R” for the network
transmission quality. The packet loss and latency of the end-to-end network determine “R”. The
model correlates the network objective measure “R”, with the subjective QoS metric for voice
quality, MOS or the Mean Opinion Score.
This model provides an effective traffic building process by activating the Fallback to
Circuit-Switched Voice Facilities feature at call set up to avoid quality of service degradation. New
calls fall back when the configured MOS values for all codecs are below the threshold.
Note: Differentiated Service (DiffServ) is a QoS framework standardized by the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Appendix A 5
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 14
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 15
- UDP User Datagram Protocol 16
- WAN Wide Area Network 16
- Related publications 17
- How to get help 18
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- The IP telephony network 20
- Chapter 1 Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 Network diagram 21
- Telephones 22
- IP Network 22
- Key IP Telephony Concepts 23
- Jitter Buffer 24
- QoS routing 24
- Chapter 1 Introduction 25 25
- 26 Chapter 1 Introduction 26
- Chapter 2 27
- Prerequisites checklist 27
- Network assessment 28
- Resource Assessment 28
- Keycodes 29
- IP Telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP Telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 33
- Before Installing 34
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 35
- Configuring DHCP 38
- Figure 4 DHCP summary 39
- Figure 5 DHCP range 40
- Figure 6 IP Terminal status 41
- Figure 7 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 9 IP Terminal Status 43
- Download Pending 44
- Deregistering offline DNs 45
- Moving IP telephones 46
- H.323 devices 47
- 4 Click the Save button 49
- VoIP Trunk Configuration 51
- Configuring media parameters 53
- Configuring codecs 54
- Setting Silence Compression 54
- Setting Jitter Buffers 55
- Outgoing call configuration 56
- Figure 21 Trunk/Line data 57
- Figure 22 Line pool 58
- Configuring a remote gateway 59
- Configuring PSTN fallback 60
- Setting up a VoIP schedule 61
- Vo I P 62
- Configuring routes 63
- Figure 28 Route list 64
- Figure 29 Add route dialog 64
- Creating a destination code 65
- Figure 32 Normal schedule 66
- Configuring digits 67
- Activating the VoIP schedule 67
- Turning on QoS monitor 68
- Incoming call configuration 70
- Example configuration 71
- Making calls 74
- Connecting an i200X telephone 75
- Quality of Service Monitor 77
- Port settings 77
- Using firewalls 78
- Using a gatekeeper 80
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 82
- Typical applications 85
- MCDN functionality 86
- Networking 91
- Network Engineering 92
- Networking 93 93
- (64 kb/s) 93
- (5.3 kb/s) 93
- LAN Engineering Examples 95
- WAN engineering 96
- Setting Non-linear processing 96
- Networking 97 97
- Traceroute 97
- Enough link capacity 98
- Not enough link capacity 98
- Implementing the network 99
- Further network analysis 99
- Reduce link delay 100
- Reducing hop count 100
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 101
- Reduce packet errors 101
- Routing issues 102
- Silence compression 103
- Appendix B 103
- 104 Silence compression 104
- P0937663 02.0 104
- Silence compression 105 105
- 106 Silence compression 106
- Silence compression 107 107
- Comfort Noise 108
- Appendix C 109
- Network Performance Utilities 109
- Appendix D 111
- Interoperability 111
- Speech Path Setup Methods 112
- Media Path Redirection 112
- Gatekeeper 113
- Symbol Telephones 114
- Appendix E 115
- Quality of Service 115
- Measuring Intranet QoS 116
- Recording routes 117
- Adjustment for processing 118
- Late packets 118
- Quality of Service 119 119
- Traffic mix 120
- Network Quality of Service 121
- Packet loss 122
- Packet delay 122
- Delay variation (jitter) 123
- 124 Quality of Service 124
- Glossary 125
- 126 Glossary 126
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