Avaya Configuring TCP Services Manual de usuario descargar pdf (Pagina 18)

Configuring TCP Services

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Out-of-order caching.

As TCP receives data segments, it puts them in

sequential order and forwards them to the receiving TCP client. If TCP does

not receive one or more segments and cannot complete the sequential

ordering, it stores the remaining segments in cache memory for as long as the

TCP connection exists. When TCP receives the missing segments, it takes the

stored segments from cache memory, puts them into sequential order with the

newly received segments, and then forwards them to the receiving TCP client.

Out-of-order caching ensures that data arrives in the correct order while

saving bandwidth and retransmission time.

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Checksums.

To ensure the integrity of the data, the sending host adds a

checksum to each segment it transmits. The receiving host recalculates the

checksum, and if there is damage, discards the segment.

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Flow control.

Flow control allows the receiving host to regulate how much

data is sent to it. To activate ﬂow control, the receiving host advertises a

window

that indicates how much data it can accept. When the transmit

window is full, the sending host must stop sending data until the receiving

host can open the window again. To control the rate of data transfer on your

TCP connections, you can specify the maximum window size allowed for

each connection.

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Acknowledgment with retransmission.

TCP requires the receiving host to

acknowledge that it has received the data. If the sending host does not receive

an acknowledgment within a set timeout interval, the sending station

retransmits the data. TCP determines the timeout interval by estimating the

average time it takes to send a segment and receive an acknowledgment for it.

Connection Types

TCP allows both

active

and

passive

connections (or

opens

). For passive opens, a

TCP client

(the process or program that uses TCP) waits to accept incoming

connection requests. Clients using passive opens can listen for speciﬁc connection

requests or for a range of inbound requests. In an active open, the client initiates

the connection.

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